Question 2

Question 2

Qustion 5.2

Universal Declaration of the Digital Bill of Rights

As the name suggests, the Bill of Rights is universal, meaning that it applies to countries such as North Korea, Vietnam, China and Cuba and countries like them that do not have digital rights. The aim of the Digital Bill of Rights is to provide a comprehensive piece of legislation that all digital citizens can understand and adhere to.

Digital citizens have access to the following rights:

• The right to a free and uncensored Internet.
• The right to an open, unobstructed Internet.
• The right to equality on the Internet.
• The right to gather and participate in online activities.
• The right to create and collaborate on the Internet.
• The right to freely share their ideas.
• The right to access the Internet equally, regardless of who they are or where they are.
• The right to freely associate on the Internet.
• The right to privacy on the Internet.
• The right to benefit from what they create.  
• Companies have a right to promote themselves within the digital society

These rights are paired with responsibilities and they are as thus:

• The way in which digital citizens use  the Internet should not affect the society negatively
• Companies have a responsibility to be clear about product benefits and features, as well as the limitations of the products
• It is the consumers’ responsibility to ensure that the companies they support are ethical in their conduct and business practice.
• Digital citizens have the responsibility to ensure they use the information in a legal and ethical manner.
• It is the responsibility of the digital citizenship to search for information that is not harmful to them, to say things that will not harm them or their reputation and, to share things with others that will not hurt them in any form or manner.
• Digital citizens have the responsibility to protect copyrights of their digital content.

 

 

 Adapted from: http://boingboing.net/2012/06/13/digital-bill-of-rights.html [Accessed on 15 September 2016]

Question 5.1

PETITION TO HAVE NORTH KOREA, VIETNAM, CHINA & CUBA HAVE ACCESS TO DIGITAL RIGHTS

 

It has come to our attention that the abovementioned countries do not have digital rights that have been extended upon them, therefore, we demand that such rights be extended to them.

The citizens of North Korea, China, Vietnam and Cuba do not have any digital rights awarded to them whatsoever. The citizens of the aforementioned countries are in need of digital rights so that they can explore the Internet more freely, be informed about what is happening around them, to better themselves and to have the best and safest digital experience.

The intention is to draw up a Digital Bill of Rights for citizens of the abovementioned countries and to ensure that their digital rights are not violated in any shape, manner of form.

There are a lot of changes that these digital rights will bring into each country for instance Internet could be used for educational purposes, because through Internet information is obtained at lightning speed as compared to other mediums, in the business context, businesses can outsource particular skills they need by communicating with their candidates through a network connection, among other things. In providing the citizens with digital rights, their safety will not, by any means, be compromised as their safety takes first priority.

This is a world that is evolving at a rapid pace and it sounds ludicrous when one hears that the inhabitants of a particular country are not digital citizens. Should this petition succeed, citizens from all around the world will learn how to use technology and other forms of online platforms that will be made available to them and thus enabling them to have a larger access to information and knowledge as well as greater developmental opportunities at their disposal.

It is important to note that when one has a right, that same right has a responsibility, and it is in the best interest of the users of technology not to violate those rights and to adhere to those responsibilities.

 

Date	Name	Address	Comment	Signature

 

Question 4

Article 1

The social networking tools that help keep medical students in touch with friends and family could end up being the reason they someday have a hard time finding the job they want.

A study in the Sept. 23/30 Journal of the American Medical Association found that 60% of U.S. medical schools surveyed reported incidents of students posting unprofessional content online. Meanwhile, social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter are becoming the newest tools used by recruiters to identify and screen potential job candidates, including those well out of medical school. Because of the interest in social media, the National Assn. of Physician Recruiters has added a special session on the subject to its annual meeting next April.

Susan Masterson, a recruiter with Team Health in Knoxville, Tenn., said using social networking sites is a "strategy that anyone in recruiting, whether it be physicians or otherwise, needs to incorporate in their plan. It's here. It's here to stay.

"My concern with social networking candidate marketing is how to manage the message consistently and professionally. Social networking, with the word social, sometimes is not as professional as the traditional resources we've used in the past."

Experts say that just because you wrote a curse word online or posted a picture of yourself holding a bottle of beer doesn't mean you've become unemployable. While there is agreement that anything that would be considered inappropriate and unethical for a physician to do in real life is verboten online as well, there is a lot of gray area in what constitutes "inappropriate" conduct.

"Beyond those definite clear-cut ones, it's very murky, and people have different opinions of what's appropriate," said Katherine Chretien, MD, an internist at the VA Medical Center in Washington, D.C., and co-author of the JAMA study.

Dan Rizzo, manager and master recruiter for Schumacher Group, an emergency physician staffing company based in Chattanooga, Tenn., said he has never seen anything so egregious that it ruined someone's chances at a job. But he has seen postings that made him hesitate.

What's going on online?

According to the JAMA study, "Online Posting of Unprofessional Content by Medical Students," 13% of the 78 medical schools that responded to the survey found postings that violated patient confidentiality; 52% found postings containing profanity; 48% found postings containing discriminatory language; 39% found depictions of intoxication and 38% found sexually suggestive material.

The results were nearly identical to those in a similar study done more than a year ago by researchers from the University Of Florida College Of Medicine.

After the Florida study was released, awareness started to grow about the need to be more professional online, said Lindsay Thompson, MD, author of that study. "I was disappointed to see that the problem didn't go away, but [the JAMA study's findings] didn't surprise me, to be honest," said Dr. Thompson.

While medical schools and hospitals have every right to control what physicians or students post about patients, they have less control over more ambiguous categories, such as use of profanity, comedic content, and depictions of alcohol use or even disparaging remarks about the schools.

The JAMA study noted that "socially inappropriate medical student shows (in which medical students write and perform satirical comedy skits) ... may serve important coping and stress-release functions during difficult training; however, when disseminated on media-sharing sites such as YouTube or Google Video, they carry the potential for significant public impact and viral spread of content."

About three out of four schools that noted unprofessional online conduct said they had only five or fewer incidents reported, with trainees, non-faculty staff and faculty most likely to complain. But researchers reached the same conclusion as Dr. Thompson: Many medical schools "may not have adequate policy in place" to address online conduct.

Susan Barnes, professor of communication and associate director of the Lab for Social Computing at Rochester (N.Y.) Institute of Technology, said education on what is appropriate online behavior needs to start much earlier than medical school.

Many of the medical students today have been using social networking sites since they were teens, Barnes said. "It's been talked about, but there really hasn't been a concerted effort by churches, schools, and social organizations to really teach people how to use these tools appropriately and inappropriately."

Consequences of online content

According to the JAMA study, in a few cases medical students with inappropriate online conduct already have suffered consequences, including dismissal. But those were cases where patient confidentiality was breached, or where there were multiple incidences of behavior, including discriminatory language or depiction of alcohol and drug use. In the vast majority of cases students were warned, or nothing was done.

Sachin Jain, MD, a research fellow and resident at the Dept. of Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, learned firsthand that what is appropriate is often open for interpretation.

Dr. Jain wrote an article in the Aug. 13 New England Journal of Medicine about receiving a friendship request from a patient on Facebook. Despite his uneasiness, he accepted the request, only to learn later that the patient wanted to ask his advice about medical school. Most would argue that friending patients on a social networking site is never appropriate. But in this case, Dr. Jain said, the relationship could be defined as professional and appropriate.

Dr. Jain, who often advises premed students applying for medical school, said the first thing he tells them is to clean up their Facebook pages. But students don't seem to understand why that's important.

Rusty Weston, chief blogger at the social networking Web site My Global Career, said one way physicians and medical students can help protect themselves is to take advantage of the privacy tools on social networking sites. For example, profile pages on Facebook can be set to display pictures only to people in your network or even specific people in your network, Weston said. "You can set those controls, and most people don't."

One university included in the JAMA study teaches students how to elect privacy settings on Facebook. That resulted in an 80% decrease in publicly accessible accounts.

As more recruiters use the sites to identify potential job candidates, any student or doctor using social media probably would want to make their images as clean as possible, Dr. Jain said. "Less is more."

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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Think twice before posting

Wandering into the "gray area" of appropriateness could tarnish your reputation. Experts advise physicians and medical students to think hard about how much to share on social media.

Alcohol use: Some patients may find it comforting to see their physicians having a social life. But others may consider it inappropriate, especially if there are too many examples. Examine your photo collection to see how many of the pictures include alcohol.

Shop talk: Even if you're careful about patient privacy, divulging too much about your workday could invite unintended audiences to read and possibly draw the wrong conclusions.

Humor: What you find humorous, others might find offensive. Consider your potential audience.

Criticizing current employer/school: Even if you're not divulging your employer's name, criticizing them might make potential employers think twice.

Friending patients: Unless you maintain a patient-specific information site, it's generally not appropriate to friend a patient on a site intended for social connections. Each request needs careful consideration.

Postings from friends: Examine each post on your personal "wall" and delete anything questionable.

Sources: Dan Rizzo, manager and master recruiter for Schumacher Group; Sachin Jain, MD, research fellow and resident at the Dept. of Medicine at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston; Katherine Chretien, MD, internist at the VA Medical Center in Washington and co-author of "Online Posting of Unprofessional Content by Medical Students," Journal of the American Medical Association, Sept. 23/30

Article 2

Romanian man gets 4 years in Internet fraud case

June 29, 2011|Staff report

A Romanian man was sentenced to 48 months, or 4 years,  in federal prison today for his role in an Internet fraud conspiracy, federal officials said.

Adrian Ghighina, 33, was sentenced by U.S. District Judge Matthew F. Kennelly in Chicago, according to a press release issued by the Department of Justice. Ghighina pleaded guilty in February to one count each of wire fraud and conspiracy, officials said.

Ghighina, who entered the United States legally in late 2004, acted as a “money mule” in an Internet fraud conspiracy, officials said. Ghighina’s co-conspirators, many of whom are in Romania, created fraudulent online auctions for expensive items such as cars, motorcycles and RVs on websites such as eBay, Craigslist and AutoTrader.com, according to the release.
      
People who responded to the false listings were directed to send payment for the non-existent items using Western Union and bank wire transfers to accounts controlled by Ghighina, officials said.
      
Ghighina admitted that he moved from city to city where he opened accounts at various banks using false identification.  The victims never received the items for which they had paid.

From September 2005 until his arrest in October 2009 in Miami, Ghighina opened accounts and/or received funds in Illinois, the District of Columbia, Florida, New York and Arizona.
       
Ghighina was indicted by a federal grand jury in the Northern District of Illinois and in also by a federal grand jury in the District of Columbia.

Ghighina also previously convicted on wire and visa fraud charges in the Southern District of Florida and sentenced on those charges to 27 months in prison.  He is also serving a 21 month sentence in the Florida case.

chicagobreaking@tribune.com

    

By Taboola by Taboola